扩散模型是图像产生和似然估计的最新方法。在这项工作中，我们将连续的时间扩散模型推广到任意的Riemannian流形，并得出了可能性估计的变异框架。在计算上，我们提出了计算可能性估计中需要的黎曼分歧的新方法。此外，在概括欧几里得案例时，我们证明，最大化该变异的下限等效于Riemannian得分匹配。从经验上讲，我们证明了Riemannian扩散模型在各种光滑的歧管上的表达能力，例如球体，Tori，双曲线和正交组。我们提出的方法在所有基准测试基准上实现了新的最先进的可能性。

生成建模旨在揭示产生观察到的数据的潜在因素，这些数据通常可以被建模为自然对称性，这些对称性是通过不变和对某些转型定律等效的表现出来的。但是，当前代表这些对称性的方法是在需要构建模棱两可矢量场的连续正式化流中所掩盖的 - 抑制了它们在常规的高维生成建模域（如自然图像）中的简单应用。在本文中，我们专注于使用离散层建立归一化流量。首先，我们从理论上证明了对紧凑空间的紧凑型组的模棱两可的图。我们进一步介绍了三个新的品牌流：$ g $ - 剩余的流量，$ g $ - 耦合流量和$ g $ - inverse自动回旋的回旋流量，可以提升经典的残留剩余，耦合和反向自动性流量，并带有等效的地图， $。从某种意义上说，我们证明$ g $ equivariant的差异性可以通过$ g $ - $ residual流量映射，我们的$ g $ - 剩余流量也很普遍。最后，我们首次在诸如CIFAR-10之类的图像数据集中对我们的理论见解进行了补充，并显示出$ G $ equivariant有限的有限流量，从而提高了数据效率，更快的收敛性和提高的可能性估计。

连续归一化流（CNF）是一类生成模型，可以通过求解普通的微分方程（ODE）将先验分布转换为模型分布。我们建议通过最大程度地减少概率路径差异（PPD）来训练CNF，这是CNF产生的概率密度路径与目标概率密度路径之间的新型差异家族。 PPD是使用对数质量保护公式制定的，该公式是线性的一阶部分微分方程，将对数目标概率和CNF的定义向量场进行配方。 PPD比现有方法具有多个关键好处：它避免了在迭代中解决颂歌的需求，很容易应用于歧管数据，比例到高维度，并与大型目标路径兼容，该目标路径在有限的时间内插值纯噪声和数据。从理论上讲，PPD显示为结合经典概率差异。从经验上讲，我们表明，通过最小化PPD实现最新的CNF在现有的低维歧管基准上获得了最新的可能性和样品质量，并且是生成模型以扩展到中度高维歧管的第一个示例。

强有力的彩票假说（SLTH）规定了足够过度参数（密集的）神经网络中的子网的存在，当随机初始化并且没有任何培训时，可以实现受过全面训练的目标网络的准确性。 \ citet {da2022 -proving}的最新工作表明，SLTH也可以扩展到翻译模棱两可的网络（即CNNS），具有与密集网络中SLT相同的过多叠加级化。但是，现代神经网络能够不仅纳入翻译对称性，而且开发一般的模棱两可的体系结构（例如旋转和排列）一直是一个有力的设计原理。在本文中，我们将slth推广到保留$ g $（即$ g $ equivariant网络）的函数，并以很高的概率证明，可以修剪随机初始初始初始化的过度透明$ g $ - $ g $ - $ g $ equivariant子网网络近似于固定宽度和深度的另一个完全训练的$ g $ equivariant网络。我们进一步证明，我们规定的过透明方案也是误差耐受性的函数。我们为各个组开发了我们的理论，包括重要的理论，例如欧几里得组的子组$ \ text {e}（n）$和对称组的子群体$ g \ leq \ leq \ mathcal {s} _n _n $ - 允许我们找到用于MLP，CNN，$ \ text {e}（2）$的SLTS，并以$ \ text {e}（2）$ - 通知CNN和置换量表等度性网络作为我们统一框架的特定实例，该框架完全扩展了先前的工作。从经验上讲，我们通过修剪过度叠加的$ \ text {e}（2）$来验证我们的理论，并传达CNN和消息传递GNN，以匹配给定的错误耐受性内受过训练的目标网络的性能。

Ensemble learning serves as a straightforward way to improve the performance of almost any machine learning algorithm. Existing deep ensemble methods usually naively train many different models and then aggregate their predictions. This is not optimal in our view from two aspects: i) Naively training multiple models adds much more computational burden, especially in the deep learning era; ii) Purely optimizing each base model without considering their interactions limits the diversity of ensemble and performance gains. We tackle these issues by proposing deep negative correlation classification (DNCC), in which the accuracy and diversity trade-off is systematically controlled by decomposing the loss function seamlessly into individual accuracy and the correlation between individual models and the ensemble. DNCC yields a deep classification ensemble where the individual estimator is both accurate and negatively correlated. Thanks to the optimized diversities, DNCC works well even when utilizing a shared network backbone, which significantly improves its efficiency when compared with most existing ensemble systems. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmark datasets and network structures demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

Many practical applications, such as recommender systems and learning to rank, involve solving multiple similar tasks. One example is learning of recommendation policies for users with similar movie preferences, where the users may still rank the individual movies slightly differently. Such tasks can be organized in a hierarchy, where similar tasks are related through a shared structure. In this work, we formulate this problem as a contextual off-policy optimization in a hierarchical graphical model from logged bandit feedback. To solve the problem, we propose a hierarchical off-policy optimization algorithm (HierOPO), which estimates the parameters of the hierarchical model and then acts pessimistically with respect to them. We instantiate HierOPO in linear Gaussian models, for which we also provide an efficient implementation and analysis. We prove per-task bounds on the suboptimality of the learned policies, which show a clear improvement over not using the hierarchical model. We also evaluate the policies empirically. Our theoretical and empirical results show a clear advantage of using the hierarchy over solving each task independently.

Inferring reward functions from human behavior is at the center of value alignment - aligning AI objectives with what we, humans, actually want. But doing so relies on models of how humans behave given their objectives. After decades of research in cognitive science, neuroscience, and behavioral economics, obtaining accurate human models remains an open research topic. This begs the question: how accurate do these models need to be in order for the reward inference to be accurate? On the one hand, if small errors in the model can lead to catastrophic error in inference, the entire framework of reward learning seems ill-fated, as we will never have perfect models of human behavior. On the other hand, if as our models improve, we can have a guarantee that reward accuracy also improves, this would show the benefit of more work on the modeling side. We study this question both theoretically and empirically. We do show that it is unfortunately possible to construct small adversarial biases in behavior that lead to arbitrarily large errors in the inferred reward. However, and arguably more importantly, we are also able to identify reasonable assumptions under which the reward inference error can be bounded linearly in the error in the human model. Finally, we verify our theoretical insights in discrete and continuous control tasks with simulated and human data.

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) promises the ability to learn effective policies solely using existing, static datasets, without any costly online interaction. To do so, offline RL methods must handle distributional shift between the dataset and the learned policy. The most common approach is to learn conservative, or lower-bound, value functions, which underestimate the return of out-of-distribution (OOD) actions. However, such methods exhibit one notable drawback: policies optimized on such value functions can only behave according to a fixed, possibly suboptimal, degree of conservatism. However, this can be alleviated if we instead are able to learn policies for varying degrees of conservatism at training time and devise a method to dynamically choose one of them during evaluation. To do so, in this work, we propose learning value functions that additionally condition on the degree of conservatism, which we dub confidence-conditioned value functions. We derive a new form of a Bellman backup that simultaneously learns Q-values for any degree of confidence with high probability. By conditioning on confidence, our value functions enable adaptive strategies during online evaluation by controlling for confidence level using the history of observations thus far. This approach can be implemented in practice by conditioning the Q-function from existing conservative algorithms on the confidence. We theoretically show that our learned value functions produce conservative estimates of the true value at any desired confidence. Finally, we empirically show that our algorithm outperforms existing conservative offline RL algorithms on multiple discrete control domains.

Non-convex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) is a fundamental optimization problem in power system analysis. The computational complexity of conventional solvers is typically high and not suitable for large-scale networks in real-time operation. Hence, deep learning based approaches have gained intensive attention to conduct the time-consuming training process offline. Supervised learning methods may yield a feasible AC-OPF solution with a small optimality gap. However, they often need conventional solvers to generate the training dataset. This paper proposes an end-to-end unsupervised learning based framework for AC-OPF. We develop a deep neural network to output a partial set of decision variables while the remaining variables are recovered by solving AC power flow equations. The fast decoupled power flow solver is adopted to further reduce the computational time. In addition, we propose using a modified augmented Lagrangian function as the training loss. The multipliers are adjusted dynamically based on the degree of constraint violation. Extensive numerical test results corroborate the advantages of our proposed approach over some existing methods.

While reinforcement learning (RL) has become a more popular approach for robotics, designing sufficiently informative reward functions for complex tasks has proven to be extremely difficult due their inability to capture human intent and policy exploitation. Preference based RL algorithms seek to overcome these challenges by directly learning reward functions from human feedback. Unfortunately, prior work either requires an unreasonable number of queries implausible for any human to answer or overly restricts the class of reward functions to guarantee the elicitation of the most informative queries, resulting in models that are insufficiently expressive for realistic robotics tasks. Contrary to most works that focus on query selection to \emph{minimize} the amount of data required for learning reward functions, we take an opposite approach: \emph{expanding} the pool of available data by viewing human-in-the-loop RL through the more flexible lens of multi-task learning. Motivated by the success of meta-learning, we pre-train preference models on prior task data and quickly adapt them for new tasks using only a handful of queries. Empirically, we reduce the amount of online feedback needed to train manipulation policies in Meta-World by 20$\times$, and demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on a real Franka Panda Robot. Moreover, this reduction in query-complexity allows us to train robot policies from actual human users. Videos of our results and code can be found at https://sites.google.com/view/few-shot-preference-rl/home.